The Toasters (Middle Class)

The working middle class and wealthier farmers ate "50% to 100% more calories than [we] do today." These families could afford to eat sufficiently but were rarely overweight due to physical labor in their trade. The middle class cuisine was still distinctly different from that of the classes above and below them. Meals were usually eaten at home, never from street stalls, and also never at fancy restaurants. Most ate two large meals in a day, one in the morning and one in the evening. The only food eaten in between was a light midday meal ("How the Mid-Victorians"). 


Haddock
Breakfast
A large emphasis was placed on eating a good breakfast. As most of the middle class were still laborers, a large and nutritious meal was needed to fuel them through the day. A substantial breakfast would consist of something such as bacon, eggs, coffee, haddock (a salt-water fish), fruits, cheese, and toast ("How the Mid-Victorians). 


"The middle class developed a value system interlocked with their dining habits in order to differentiate themselves from the [aristocratic] upper class and [coarse] lower class." Toast held a surprising amount of significance in this value system. The quality of the breakfast toast was considered one way of measuring the mistress of the house's execution of her household tasks (Broomfield 26-29)
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The Toasty Corner: food in Great Expectations 

At the beginning of Great Expectations we see a funny scene:


"My sister a trenchant way of cutting our bread and butter for us, that never varied..."

Pip talks about the way his sister always jams their loaf of bread against her bib and proceeds to butter and cut it as if she were making a plaster mold instead of handling food. The way Mrs. Joe prepares the toast is quite consistent with the slightly rough but comical way she controls Pip and Joe in the household. But perhaps there is an even deeper social implication in the way Dickens portrays her toast-sawing in accordance with the middle class value system. 
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Supper 
The other large meal of the day was a large supper eaten fairly late into the day. Supper would usually be more centered around meat dishes than breakfast. Most middle class families could afford a substantial serving of meat at least two to three times a week and sometimes more. Pork was the most commonly eaten meat, but various fowl such as chicken or pigeon were also eaten (Johnston 52). 



Alongside the meat, vegetables, legumes, and seafood would also often make appearances. Various dried legumes and nuts were available depending on season, and some of the most common were chestnuts, hazelnuts, and walnuts. Herring was an important staple in middle class diet. It was easily cooked and preserved for consumption year-round. Other easily obtainable shellfish were also a popular option ("How the Mid-Victorians").


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From Wemmick's job and house, we can tell he falls in the higher end of the middle class. On Pip's first visit to his castle Wemmick proudly presents a feast of "cold roast fowl" and stewed steak. The inclusion of meat immediately cements his status as a fairly prosperous citizen.


Wemmick also points out a mini farm area around his castle:


"At the back, there's a pig, and there are fowls and rabbits; then, I knock together my own little frame, you see, and grow cucumbers; and you'll judge at supper what sort of salad I can raise..."

Raising some of his own animals and crops, he is able to add some variety to the dinner dishes and at the same time save a bit of energy in the shopping process. 


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